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  • CA FoundationSale of Goods Act 1930 - ascertainment of price

    How is price ascertained under the Sale of Goods Act, and where can I practise questions on it?

    BrunoAI answer

    Ascertainment of price is covered by Sections 9 and 10 of the Sale of Goods Act, 1930. Section 9: Price can be: 1. Fixed by the contract itself. 2. Left to be fixed in an agreed manner. 3. Decided by the course of dealing between the parties. If none of these applies, the buyer pays a reasonable price. Section 10 (valuation by a third party): - If the third party fails to fix the price, the agreement is void. - If goods were already delivered and used by the buyer, the buyer pays a reasonable price. - If a party's fault stops the valuation, the other party can sue for damages. For practice questions, try the Law question banks in notes [1] and [4] below.

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    1 answer 13 Nov 2026

  • CA FoundationSale of Goods Act 1930 - ascertainment of price

    What is ascertainment of price under the Sale of Goods Act? Please explain in simple words.

    Madhu

    Ascertainment is how price of the goods is decided in the contract Section 9 1.It is already mentioned in the contract (fixed) 2.Parties agree to fix it in specific manner 3.by course of dealing between parties Section 10 - By third party If the third party refuses to ascertain price ,and goods haven't been delivered then the contract becomes void But if goods have already been delivered, reasonable price must be ascertained If either seller or buyer is preventing the valuer from ascertainin the price he /she can be sued by other party for damages

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    2 answers 13 Nov 2026

  • CA FoundationIndian Contract Act 1872 - rights of surety

    What are the surety's right of subrogation and the implied promise to indemnify the surety?

    BrunoAI answer

    1. Right of subrogation (Sec. 140, Indian Contract Act, 1872): once the surety pays the guaranteed debt or performs the promise, he steps into the creditor's shoes. He gets all the rights the creditor had against the principal debtor. 2. Implied promise to indemnify surety (Sec. 145): every contract of guarantee carries an implied promise by the principal debtor to repay the surety. He can recover any sum he rightfully paid, but not any sum he paid wrongfully. Example: A borrows Rs 1,00,000 from a bank and pledges gold. B is the surety. A defaults and B pays the bank. - Subrogation: B can now sue A and claim the pledged gold, just as the bank could. - Indemnity: B can recover the Rs 1,00,000 from A. But if B defended the bank's suit without reasonable cause, he cannot recover those costs from A.

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    1 answer 13 Nov 2026

  • CA InterCA Inter Law preparation for Hindi or semi-English medium students

    I am a semi-English medium student. How should I study law for CA Inter?

    Geetanjali

    If you haven't started , search for a good teacher who teaches in hinglish ( better understanding ) , and for writing try framing short sentences , if you have completed once ... Do writing practice ( will help a lot )

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    8 answers 13 Nov 2026

  • CA FoundationBusiness Laws - important sections for revision

    What are the most important sections of the Companies Act, Sale of Goods Act, Partnership Act and Contract

    BrunoAI answer

    Great revision plan! Search each Act in the Notes tab, and the related notes below (especially the section-wise lists) cover this well. Quick starter list: - Contract Act: Sec 2, 10, 11, 13-22 (consent), 25, 56, 73, 124-126 - Sale of Goods: Sec 4, 12, 14-17 (implied conditions, caveat emptor), 18-24 (transfer of property), 45-46 (unpaid seller) - Partnership: Sec 4, 6, 18-19, 39-44 (dissolution), 58, 69 - Companies Act: Sec 2(20), 2(62) OPC, 2(68), 2(71), 2(85), 2(87), 3-5, 8 Check the latest ICAI study material/RTP for your attempt.

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    1 answer 13 Nov 2026

  • CA FoundationGroup MCQ practice for CA Foundation

    How can I practise MCQs together with other students on Studycaller?

    BrunoAI answer

    Great idea, practising MCQs with friends makes revision stick! - Head to the app's Rooms tab to join or create a room and study together with other students. - Pick an MCQ set (the Economics MCQ notes listed below work well), solve them together, then compare answers and explanations. - Keep it exam-style: time yourselves and count negative marking, just like the real objective papers.

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    1 answer 13 Nov 2026

  • CA FoundationSale of Goods Act 1930 - implied conditions

    What are the implied conditions under the Sale of Goods Act, 1930?

    Noori· 1 found helpful

    Implied Conditions under the Sale of Goods Act, 1930 Meaning: Implied conditions are conditions which are automatically included in a contract of sale by law, even if they are not expressly mentioned by the parties. There are 5 important implied conditions: 1\. Condition as to Title (Section 14(a)) – The seller must have the legal right to sell the goods. 2\. Sale by Description (Section 15) – Goods must correspond with the description given by the seller. 3\. Sale by Sample (Section 17) – The goods supplied must correspond with the sample shown to the buyer. 4\. Sale by Sample as well as Description (Section 15) – Goods must correspond with both the sample and the description. 5\. Condition as to Quality or Fitness (Section 16): * Fitness for Buyer's Purpose – Goods must be suitable for the buyer's particular purpose when the legal requirements are satisfied. * Merchantable Quality – Goods must be of acceptable and usable quality. * Wholesomeness – Food items must be safe for consumption. Important exam point: Implied conditions may be waived by the buyer or varied by an express agreement, subject to applicable law. *Easy way to remember T – D – S – SD – Q .

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    6 answers 12 Nov 2026

  • CA FoundationIndian Contract Act 1872 - agent exceeding authority

    Will Z succeed against X when agent Y exceeds his ₹10 lakh limit, and does Section 228 or 233 apply?

    BrunoAI answer

    Section 228 applies here, not Section 233. Z will not succeed against X. 1. Section 227: if the authorised part can be separated from the excess, the principal is bound only for the authorised part. 2. Section 228: if they cannot be separated, the principal is not bound at all. 3. Here Y bought a single item for ₹12 lakhs against a ₹10 lakh limit. One item cannot be split into ₹10 lakh plus ₹2 lakh, so X is not liable. The discount or benefit to X does not change this. 4. Z can recover from Y, who exceeded his authority. Z could also claim from X if X ratifies the purchase. Section 233 applies only where the agent is personally liable. Then the third party may sue the agent, the principal, or both. That is not the issue here.

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    1 answer 12 Nov 2026

  • CA FoundationIndian Contract Act 1872 - remedies for breach of contract

    What are vindictive damages, nominal damages, suit for injunction and suit upon quantum meruit?

    Gaurii

    Exemplary damager are like a amount of penalty charged for wrongdoing of someone. It is charged to punish not to compensate it has some exceptions also Nominal damages are charged for violating the rights. It can be said to be as fine of some kind Suit for injuction refers to the act of stopping someone from doing the wrong act or from doing the case that violates the right.. Suit upon quantum merit refers to the suit filed for the performance given even if there's no contract. The compensation provided for the performance already given

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    2 answers 12 Nov 2026

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