can someone solve this and send the solution

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I'm looking for study partner for ca foundation sept2025 exam

Can anyone please explain me the concept of composite function

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Maina registration aaj kar leya hai ca foundation ka liya aab muje book kesa order karu

Do anybody have Taxmans Crackers PDF ? If yes please send! (All subject or any)

Kya kisi k pas "ca hardik manchanda" sir ki latest economics notes hai kya paid lecture wale If yes send krdo

Anyone from pw sep 25 and jan 26 batch . I have questions about master test series.

I think the answer give below of Q12 in the icai module is a bit sceptical, Cause :-National income is a beyond economics border territory based entity not domestic, as per my knowledge, Net National income= NNPfc which doesn't include depression and and but rather include NFIA and Gross NI also include NFIA with depression, and in both scenarios NFIA is included.since the the term "National income" is clearly shows beyond domestic border.