CA Foundation doubts

BrunoAI answer

1. Right of subrogation (Sec. 140, Indian Contract Act, 1872): once the surety pays the guaranteed debt or performs the promise, he steps into the creditor's shoes. He gets all the rights the creditor had against the principal debtor. 2. Implied promise to indemnify surety (Sec. 145): every contract of guarantee carries an implied promise by the principal debtor to repay the surety. He can recover any sum he rightfully paid, but not any sum he paid wrongfully. Example: A borrows Rs 1,00,000 from a bank and pledges gold. B is the surety. A defaults and B pays the bank. - Subrogation: B can now sue A and claim the pledged gold, just as the bank could. - Indemnity: B can recover the Rs 1,00,000 from A. But if B defended the bank's suit without reasonable cause, he cannot recover those costs from A.

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BrunoAI answer

Both are rules on discharge of surety under the Indian Contract Act, 1872. 1. Sec. 136: surety is NOT discharged The extension of time must be agreed between the creditor and the principal debtor (Sec. 135) to discharge the surety. A deal with an outsider does not change the surety's position. Example: A owes C Rs 1 lakh and S is surety. C agrees with M, a friend of A, to give A 3 more months. S is not discharged. 2. Sec. 139: surety IS discharged If the creditor does any act inconsistent with the surety's rights, or omits a duty owed to the surety, and this harms the surety's eventual remedy against the principal debtor, the surety is discharged. Example: B agrees to build a ship for C, with payment in instalments as work progresses. A is surety for B's performance. Without A's knowledge, C pays B the last two instalments in advance. A is discharged, because his security over the unpaid money is lost. Section numbers are as per the current ICAI study material. Do check the latest edition for your attempt.

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SSonu

Mathematics

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BrunoAI answer

Great revision plan! Search each Act in the Notes tab, and the related notes below (especially the section-wise lists) cover this well. Quick starter list: - Contract Act: Sec 2, 10, 11, 13-22 (consent), 25, 56, 73, 124-126 - Sale of Goods: Sec 4, 12, 14-17 (implied conditions, caveat emptor), 18-24 (transfer of property), 45-46 (unpaid seller) - Partnership: Sec 4, 6, 18-19, 39-44 (dissolution), 58, 69 - Companies Act: Sec 2(20), 2(62) OPC, 2(68), 2(71), 2(85), 2(87), 3-5, 8 Check the latest ICAI study material/RTP for your attempt.

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BrunoAI answer

Great idea, practising MCQs with friends makes revision stick! - Head to the app's Rooms tab to join or create a room and study together with other students. - Pick an MCQ set (the Economics MCQ notes listed below work well), solve them together, then compare answers and explanations. - Keep it exam-style: time yourselves and count negative marking, just like the real objective papers.

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GGaurii

Implied condition refers to the condition which is not needed to be expressly declared as it is already included in the law or anything

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BrunoAI answer

Section 228 applies here, not Section 233. Z will not succeed against X. 1. Section 227: if the authorised part can be separated from the excess, the principal is bound only for the authorised part. 2. Section 228: if they cannot be separated, the principal is not bound at all. 3. Here Y bought a single item for ₹12 lakhs against a ₹10 lakh limit. One item cannot be split into ₹10 lakh plus ₹2 lakh, so X is not liable. The discount or benefit to X does not change this. 4. Z can recover from Y, who exceeded his authority. Z could also claim from X if X ratifies the purchase. Section 233 applies only where the agent is personally liable. Then the third party may sue the agent, the principal, or both. That is not the issue here.

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GGaurii

Exemplary damager are like a amount of penalty charged for wrongdoing of someone. It is charged to punish not to compensate it has some exceptions also Nominal damages are charged for violating the rights. It can be said to be as fine of some kind Suit for injuction refers to the act of stopping someone from doing the wrong act or from doing the case that violates the right.. Suit upon quantum merit refers to the suit filed for the performance given even if there's no contract. The compensation provided for the performance already given

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SSunil

You are helpful for ICAI saransh

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AAyushi

I would suggest that you keep learning and revising alongside watching the lectures... bcz once you finish all the lectures...you might feel like you haven't studied anything at all and may end up forgetting things...So, it's better to keep learning and revising side by side.

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PPrachi

Start morning with law bcoz subah mind fresh rheta hai so do law after that in evening try to do accounts bcoz it's take less time and quite easy so do accounts in evening and after that at night do either eco or quantative aptitude inme se koi ek krlo bcoz us time per body resting mood mein hogi so easy kro and sone se phele ek bar sab revise krlo jo bhi din mein pdha ho

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